Maganin zafiƙirƙiramuhimmiyar hanyar haɗi ce a masana'antar injina. Ingancin maganin zafi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da inganci na ciki da aikin samfur ko sassa. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke shafar ingancin maganin zafi a cikin samarwa. Domin tabbatar da ingancin ingancinƙirƙiraya cika ka'idodin ka'idodin ƙasa ko masana'antu, duk ingantattun kayan aikin zafi suna farawa daga albarkatun ƙasa zuwa masana'anta, kuma dole ne a gudanar da cikakken bincike bayan kowane tsarin kula da zafi. Matsalolin ingancin samfur ba za a iya canjawa wuri kai tsaye zuwa tsari na gaba ba, don tabbatar da ingancin samfur. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin samar da maganin zafi, bai isa ba don ƙwararren mai duba don gudanar da bincike mai kyau da kuma duba abubuwan da ake bukata.ƙirƙirabayan maganin zafi bisa ga bukatun fasaha. Mafi mahimmancin aiki shine zama mai ba da shawara mai kyau. A cikin aiwatar da maganin zafi, ya zama dole don ganin ko mai aiki yana aiwatar da ƙa'idodin tsari sosai kuma ko sigogin tsari daidai ne. A cikin aikin duba ingancin idan an sami matsala masu inganci don taimakawa ma'aikaci don nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin inganci, gano mafita ga matsalar. Dukkan nau'ikan abubuwan da zasu iya shafar ingancin maganin zafi ana sarrafa su don tabbatar da samar da samfuran da suka dace tare da inganci mai kyau, ingantaccen aiki da gamsuwar abokin ciniki.

Abun ciki na duba ingancin maganin zafi

(1) Maganin ƙirƙira kafin zafi

Manufar preheat jiyya na forgings ne don inganta microstructure da taushi da albarkatun kasa, don sauƙaƙe inji aiki, kawar da danniya da kuma samun manufa na asali microstructure na zafi magani. Maganin zafin jiki na wasu manyan sassa kuma shine magani na ƙarshe na zafi, ana amfani da maganin zafin jiki gabaɗaya da daidaitawa da annealing.

1) Yaduwa annealing na karfe simintin gyaran kafa yana da sauƙi don coarsene saboda hatsi suna zafi da zafi mai tsawo na dogon lokaci. Bayan annashuwa, ya kamata a sake aiwatar da cikakken cirewa ko daidaitawa don tace hatsi.

2) Cikakken annealing na tsarin karfe ne gaba ɗaya amfani da inganta microstructure, tace hatsi, rage taurin da kuma kawar da danniya na matsakaici da low carbon karfe simintin gyaran kafa, walda sassa, zafi mirgina da zafi forgings.

3) Isothermal annealing na gami tsarin karfe ne yafi amfani da annealing na 42CrMo karfe.

4) Spheroidizing annealing na kayan aiki karfe Manufar spheroidizing annealing ne don inganta yankan yi da sanyi nakasawa yi.

5) Maƙasudin kawar da damuwa Manufa don kawar da damuwa na ciki na simintin ƙarfe, sassan walda da sassa na inji, da kuma rage lalacewa da tsagewar bayan tsari.

6) Recrystallization annealing manufar recrystallization annealing ne don kawar da sanyi hardening na workpiece.

7) Daidaita manufar daidaitawa shine don inganta tsarin da kuma tsaftace hatsi, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman maganin zafin jiki ko kuma azaman maganin zafi na ƙarshe.

Tsarin da aka samu ta hanyar annealing da daidaitawa shine pearlite. A cikin ingancin dubawa, mayar da hankali ne a yi da dubawa na tsari sigogi, wato, a kan aiwatar da annealing da normalizing, yi kwarara duba da aiwatar da sigogi, wanda shi ne na farko, a karshen aiwatar yafi gwada taurin. , Metallographic tsarin, decarbonization zurfin, da kuma annealing normalizing abubuwa, kintinkiri, raga carbide da sauransu.

(2) Hukuncin shafewa da daidaita lahani

1) Taurin matsakaicin ƙarfe na carbon ya yi yawa, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da yawan zafin jiki mai zafi da kuma saurin sanyaya lokacin da ake cirewa. High carbon karfe ne mafi yawa isothermal zafin jiki ne low, rike lokaci bai isa ba da sauransu. Idan matsalolin da ke sama sun faru, za a iya rage taurin ta hanyar sake sakewa bisa ga daidaitattun sigogin tsari.

2) Irin wannan ƙungiya yana bayyana a cikin subeutectoid da hypereutectoid karfe, subutectoid karfe cibiyar sadarwa ferrite, hypereutectoid karfe cibiyar sadarwa carbide, dalilin shi ne cewa dumama zafin jiki ne ma high, sanyaya kudi ne ma jinkirin, za a iya amfani da su kawar da al'ada. Bincika bisa ga ƙayyadadden ma'auni.

3) Decarbonization a lokacin da annealing ko normalizing, a cikin iska tanderu, da workpiece ba tare da gas kariya dumama, saboda hadawan abu da iskar shaka na karfe surface da decarbonization.

4) Graphite carbon Graphite carbon ana samar da shi ta hanyar bazuwar carbides, galibi saboda yawan zafin jiki mai zafi da tsayin lokaci mai tsayi. Bayan bayyanar graphite carbon a cikin karfe, za a gano cewa quenching taurin ne low, taushi batu, low ƙarfi, brittleness, karaya ne launin toka baki da sauran matsaloli, da workpiece za a iya soke kawai a lokacin da graphite carbon bayyana.

(3) Maganin zafi na ƙarshe

Ingancin dubawa na karshe zafi magani na forgings a samarwa yawanci ya hada da quenching, surface quenching da tempering.

1) Nakasa. A duba nakasar kashewa kamar yadda ake bukata, kamar yadda nakasar ta zarce tanadi, a gyara ta, kamar saboda wasu dalilai ba za a iya gyara ba, kuma nakasar ta zarce alawus din sarrafawa, ana iya gyarawa, hanyar ita ce kashewa, fushi da workpiece a cikin taushi jihar mikewa saduwa da bukatun sake, da general workpiece bayan quenching da tempering nakasawa, ba fiye da 2/3 to 1/2 izni.

2) Tsagewa. Ba a yarda da tsagewa a saman kowane kayan aikin ba, don haka dole ne a duba sassan maganin zafi 100%. Ya kamata a jaddada wuraren tattara damuwa, kusurwoyi masu kaifi, manyan hanyoyi, ramukan bango na bakin ciki, tsaka-tsaki mai kauri, fitowa da haƙora, da sauransu, ya kamata a jaddada.

3) Yawan zafi da zafi. Bayan quenching, da workpiece ba a yarda a yi m acicular martensite superheated nama da hatsi iyaka hadawan abu da iskar shaka superheated nama, saboda overheating da overburning zai haifar da ƙarfi raguwa, brittleness karuwa da sauki fatattaka.

4) Oxidation da decarbonization. Processing izni na kananan workpiece, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma decarbonization don sarrafa wasu m, domin yankan kayan aikin da abrading kayayyakin aiki, ba a yarda a yi decarbonization sabon abu, a cikin quenching sassa samu tsanani hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma decarbonization, dumama zafin jiki dole ne ya zama ma high ko rike lokaci ya yi tsayi da yawa. , don haka dole ne ya kasance a lokaci guda don dubawa mai zafi.

5) Tauhidi masu laushi. Soft batu zai haifar da workpiece lalacewa da gajiya lalacewa, don haka babu taushi batu, da samuwar dalilan da ba daidai ba dumama da sanyaya ko m kungiyar da albarkatun kasa, kasancewar banded kungiyar da saura decarbonization Layer, da sauransu, taushi batu. ya kamata a gyara cikin lokaci.

6) Rashin isasshen taurin. Yawancin lokaci workpiece quenching dumama zafin jiki ne ma high, da yawa saura austenite zai kai ga rage taurin, low dumama zafin jiki ko kasa rike lokaci, da kuma quenching sanyaya gudun bai isa ba, rashin aiki aiki zai haifar da kasa quenching taurin. Halin da ke sama kawai za a iya gyara shi.

7) Tanderun wanka na gishiri. High da matsakaici mita da harshen wuta quenching workpiece, babu kone sabon abu.

Bayan zafi na ƙarshe na jiyya na sassan sassan ba za su sami lalata ba, dunƙulewa, raguwa, lalacewa da sauran lahani.