Forgingsbayan quenching, martensite da kuma retained austenite ne m, suna da m kungiyar canji Trend zuwa kwanciyar hankali, kamar supersaturated carbon a martensite to precipitate saura austenite bazuwa domin inganta motsi, kamar ga tempering tempering ne mara daidaito kungiyar. don daidaita tsarin tafiyar da kungiyar, wannan tsari ya dogara ne akan ƙauran atomatik da watsawar wannan izini tare da kammalawar zafin wutar ku ya fi girma, saurin yaɗawa da sauri; yi jerin canje-canje. Bisa ga halin da ake ciki na microstructure canji, tempering ne kullum zuwa kashi hudu matakai: martensite bazuwa, saura austenite bazuwa, carbide tara girma da ferrite recrystallization.
Matakin farko (200)
(1) ƙirƙiratempering martensite bazu a karkashin 80 zafin jiki tempering, quenching karfe ba tare da Ming S kungiyar canji, abin da ya faru na carbon a martensite kawai partial, kuma babu fara rushewa a cikin 80-200 tempering, martensite fara bazuwa, hazo musamman da dabara carbides, rage taro juzu'i na martensite a carbon forgings a cikin wannan mataki, saboda da low tempering zafin jiki, martensitic hazo kawai wani ɓangare na supersaturated carbon atom, don haka shi ne har yanzu da carbon a - Fe supersaturated m bayaniThe hazo na sosai lafiya carbide uniformly rarraba a cikin matrix. da martensite. Tsarin gauraye na ƙarancin jikewa Martensite da ingantaccen carbide ana kiransa Martensite tempered.

(2)ƙirƙiratempering a mataki na biyu (200-300), da saura austenite bazuwar lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 200-300, da bazuwar martensite ci gaba, amma rinjaye canji ne saura austenite bazuwar na saura austenite bazuwar ta hanyar fadada carbon atoms. don samar da wani yanki mai ban sha'awa, sa'an nan kuma ya bazu zuwa lokaci na alpha da cakuda kungiyar carbide, wato samuwar bainite taurin karfe ba a fili yake raguwa ba a wannan mataki.
(3)Mataki na uku (250-400) canjin carbide na ƙirƙira zafin jiki yana cikin wannan kewayon zafin jiki. Saboda yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfin watsawa na carbon zarra ya fi ƙarfi, ikon watsawa don dawo da atom ɗin ƙarfe kuma, martensite yana lalata canjin hazo carbides da ragowar austenite bazuwar za a juya su zama siminti mai inganci tare da rabuwa da canji na carbides, raguwar raguwa. na martensite a cikin juzu'in taro na carbon, ɓarna lattice martensite bace, canjin martensitic don ferrite, samun rarrabawar matrix a cikin ƙaramin siminti ko lamellar cementite na ƙungiyar, ƙungiyar da ake kira tempering ta kawar da wannan lokaci austenite quenching danniya, taurin, taurin filastik ya inganta.

(4)Mataki na hudu na ƙirƙira tempering (& GT; 400) girma carbide tattara da recrystallization na ferrite saboda tempering zafin jiki ne sosai high, carbon da baƙin ƙarfe atom da karfi ikon yaduwa, kashi na uku samuwar cimentite flakes zai ci gaba da spheroidizing da girma. sama da 500-600, alpha recrystallization na faruwa sannu a hankali, rasa ferrite ilimin halittar jiki na asali farantin tsiri ko takardar, da kuma samar da polygon hatsi rarraba a kan kungiyar a matsayin ferritic matrix granular carbides, kungiyar da ake kira tempering sorbite tempered sorbite tare da mai kyau m inji. Properties na lokaci da lattice murdiya kawar da ciki danniya.

(daga 168 ƙirƙira net)